Tag: Band Gap
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Conduction Band
Introduction to Energy Bands In a solid, electrons are not bound to individual atoms but are shared across the whole material. Because the atoms sit close together, their discrete atomic energy levels split and merge into continuous energy bands: the Pauli exclusion principle forbids identical electron states, so each atomic level fans out into a…
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Valence Band
Introduction The valence band is one of the two energy bands that together govern how a solid responds to an electric field. Along with the conduction band and the gap that separates them, it determines whether a material behaves as a metal, a semiconductor, or an insulator, and it underlies properties ranging from chemical bonding…
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Intrinsic Semiconductors
Introduction Intrinsic semiconductors, sometimes referred to as pure semiconductors, are materials that are not doped by impurities and consist only of one type of atom. They represent an essential class of materials that have revolutionized the world of electronics and underpin the operation of devices such as transistors, diodes, and solar cells. Basic Concept: Band…