Tag: U(1) Gauge Theory

Introduction U(1) gauge theory forms the cornerstone of quantum electrodynamics (QED), which describes the interactions between charged particles and electromagnetic fields. The “U” in “U(1)” stands for “unitary”, while the “1” signifies that the transformation involves a 1-dimensional unitary group. In essence, U(1) gauge theory is a mathematical framework that incorporates the principle of local…