Tag: X-Rays
-
Chapter 7: X-Ray Diffraction
X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials. By analyzing the interference patterns produced by X-rays scattering off the crystal lattice, we can derive valuable information about the arrangement of atoms within the crystal. This chapter will introduce the basics of X-ray diffraction and its applications.…
-
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Introduction The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, ordered by frequency and wavelength. From lowest frequency (longest wavelength) to highest frequency (shortest wavelength), the spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Wave Properties The basic properties of electromagnetic waves can be described by the wave equation and…
-
X-Ray Diffraction
Introduction X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful technique used for the study of crystalline materials. By analyzing the way in which a beam of X-rays diffracts off a crystalline sample, one can determine the atomic and molecular structure of the material, including bond lengths and angles, atomic positions, and overall symmetry. The Principle of XRD…
-
X-Ray Spectroscopy
Introduction X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that uses the interaction of X-ray photons with matter to determine the chemical composition of a sample. It has wide applications in materials science, chemistry, physics, geology, and other fields. Basics of X-ray Spectroscopy X-ray spectroscopy involves the emission, transmission, or scattering of X-rays by an object.…
-
X-Ray Fluorescence
Introduction X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a material. It is a type of emission spectroscopy that uses the inherent properties of atoms to identify and quantify the presence of different elements. The Principle of XRF When a material is exposed to an incident beam of X-rays,…
-
X-Rays
Introduction X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from about 10 nanometers to 0.01 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz () to 30 exahertz (), and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-rays are highly penetrating and are widely used in medical imaging and in various…