Category: TruPHY 201
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Chapter 26: Electromagnetic Waves
26.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will explore electromagnetic waves, a type of wave that propagates through space as a combination of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves are crucial in numerous applications, including communication, imaging, and remote sensing. 26.2 Properties of Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and speed.…
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Chapter 25: Alternating Current
25.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will explore alternating current (AC), the type of electrical current that changes direction periodically. AC is the dominant form of electricity transmission and distribution for various applications, including power distribution to homes and industries. 25.2 AC Voltage and Current An alternating voltage or current has a sinusoidal waveform that…
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Chapter 21: Superconductivity
21.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will discuss superconductivity, a remarkable phenomenon in which certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance when cooled below a critical temperature. Superconductivity has important applications in various fields, including medical imaging, transportation, and energy transmission. 21.2 Superconductivity Basics Superconductivity is a state in which a material exhibits zero electrical resistance,…
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Chapter 20: Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law
20.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will explore Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and Lenz’s law. Faraday’s law states that a change in the magnetic field within a closed loop induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the loop. Lenz’s law describes the direction of the induced EMF and helps us understand the principle of energy…
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Chapter 19: Ampere’s Law
19.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will introduce Ampere’s law, which relates the magnetic field around a closed loop to the total electric current passing through the loop. Ampere’s law is an essential tool for calculating the magnetic fields generated by steady currents in wires and other conductive materials. 19.2 Ampere’s Law Ampere’s law states…
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Chapter 18: The Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge
18.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will discuss the magnetic field produced by moving charges, such as electrons and ions, and how it affects the motion of other charged particles. Understanding the magnetic field of a moving charge is essential for various applications, including the design of particle accelerators and the analysis of plasma behavior…
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Chapter 16: Motion in Magnetic Fields
16.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will explore the motion of charged particles in magnetic fields. Understanding the behavior of particles in magnetic fields is important for various applications, including particle accelerators, magnetic confinement fusion, and magnetic resonance imaging. 16.2 Motion of Charged Particles in a Uniform Magnetic Field When a charged particle enters a…
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Chapter 15: Magnetism
15.1 Introduction to Magnetism In this chapter, we will explore the fundamental principles of magnetism, the forces experienced by charged particles in a magnetic field, and the origin of magnetic fields. Understanding magnetism is essential for various applications in physics, such as motors, generators, and transformers. 15.2 Magnetic Fields A magnetic field is a vector…
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Chapter 14: RC Circuits
14.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will explore RC circuits, which consist of resistors (R) and capacitors (C). These circuits are fundamental in understanding the behavior of capacitors in the presence of resistive elements and the resulting time-dependent voltages and currents. RC circuits play an essential role in various applications, including filtering, integration, differentiation, and…
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Chapter 13: Kirchhoff’s Rules
13.1 Introduction To analyze complex circuits with multiple branches, loops, and nodes, we use Kirchhoff’s rules. These rules, developed by Gustav Kirchhoff, allow us to derive relationships between currents and voltages in a circuit, enabling us to calculate the unknown values. In this chapter, we will discuss Kirchhoff’s rules and how to apply them to…