Tag: Fermions
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Chapter 25: Introduction to Particle Physics
25.1 Introduction Particle physics is the study of the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe. It seeks to understand the building blocks of matter, their interactions, and the laws governing these interactions. This chapter provides an overview of the key concepts and principles in particle physics, laying the groundwork for the more…
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Neutrons
Introduction Neutrons are subatomic particles that, along with protons, make up atomic nuclei. Neutrons are neutral, carrying no net electric charge. Basic Properties Neutrons are slightly more massive than protons. The mass of a neutron is approximately: Since neutrons carry no net electric charge, their electric charge is 0. Structure and Composition Neutrons are also…
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Protons
Introduction Protons are subatomic particles with positive electric charge. They reside with neutrons within the atomic nucleus, with electrons “orbiting” around them. Basic Properties The proton carries a positive charge, denoted as , where is the elementary charge. The value of the elementary charge is: The mass of a proton is significantly greater than that…
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Standard Model
Introduction The Standard Model of particle physics is a theoretical framework that describes the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe, excluding gravity. It is a well-tested model that has had remarkable success in predicting and explaining a vast array of physical phenomena. Fundamental Particles The Standard Model includes two main types of…
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Fermions
Fermions are a class of elementary particles that obey Fermi-Dirac statistics and are subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. They are one of the two basic types of particles in the universe, the other being bosons. Fermions include particles like quarks and leptons, which make up matter, as well as their antiparticles. Fermi-Dirac Statistics and…