Tag: Standard Model
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Chapter 26: The Standard Model
26.1 Introduction The Standard Model is the theoretical framework that describes the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe, except for gravity. Building on the foundation laid in Chapter 25, this chapter provides a more in-depth discussion of the key components and principles of the Standard Model. 26.2 Components of the Standard Model…
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Protons
Introduction Protons are subatomic particles with positive electric charge. They reside with neutrons within the atomic nucleus, with electrons “orbiting” around them. Basic Properties The proton carries a positive charge, denoted as , where is the elementary charge. The value of the elementary charge is: The mass of a proton is significantly greater than that…
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Leptons
Introduction Leptons are a type of elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics. The term “lepton” comes from the Greek for “light” (in weight), reflecting the fact that leptons are generally lighter than other kinds of particles. Fundamental Properties Leptons are fermions, meaning they have a half-integer spin () and follow the Pauli…
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Standard Model
Introduction The Standard Model of particle physics is a theoretical framework that describes the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe, excluding gravity. It is a well-tested model that has had remarkable success in predicting and explaining a vast array of physical phenomena. Fundamental Particles The Standard Model includes two main types of…